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Musicality music5/7/2023 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have the following interests: The technical implementation of the large internet survey was carried out by BBC Lab UK. The technical implementation of the large internet survey was supported and carried by BBC Lab UK. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: The research was supported by a Goldsmiths Early Career Development grant awarded to Daniel Mullensiefen in 2010. Received: FebruAccepted: JanuPublished: February 26, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Müllensiefen et al. PLoS ONE 9(2):Įditor: Joel Snyder, UNLV, United States of America Results are discussed in terms of theoretical accounts of implicit and statistical music learning and with regard to social conditions of sophisticated musical engagement.Ĭitation: Müllensiefen D, Gingras B, Musil J, Stewart L (2014) The Musicality of Non-Musicians: An Index for Assessing Musical Sophistication in the General Population. Finally, we identify occupation, occupational status, age, gender, and wealth as the main socio-demographic factors associated with musical sophistication. Thirdly, we report results from several lab studies, demonstrating that the Gold-MSI possesses good psychometric properties, and that self-reported musical sophistication is associated with performance on two listening tasks. Next, we develop a novel measurement instrument, the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI) to assess self-reported musical skills and behaviours on multiple dimensions in the general population using a large Internet sample (n = 147,636). In this paper, we first describe the concept of ‘musical sophistication’ which can be used to describe the multi-faceted nature of musical expertise. The types of musical behaviours we refer to here are broad, ranging from performance on an instrument and listening expertise, to the ability to employ music in functional settings or to communicate about music. Individuals can differ in their repertoire of musical behaviours as well as in the level of skill they display for any single musical behaviour. Musical skills and expertise vary greatly in Western societies.
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